The capability of this stochastic model is as follows. Hooge's relation S(f)= (I² alpha_H) / (N_TOT f) can theoretically be derived. Within the scope of this derivation, alpha_H attains arbitrary values depending on physical conditions. A lower as well as an upper cutoff frequency of 1/f noise can be calculated. In counting statistics, the relative variance of a system exhibiting 1/f noise turns out to be an extremum, its value being much higher than found in the case of shot noise.

math model of 1/f section